Prevention of stroke: how to avoid and what remedies. Drug methods for preventing strokes

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Timely prevention of stroke can prevent the development of this pathology in 80% of cases. Let's talk briefly about the causes of the disease, which need to be prevented.

Effective prevention of cerebral stroke is impossible without knowledge of the causes of the development of this disease.

Depending on the causes, it is divided into 2 main types: ischemic stroke or cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage.

A cerebral infarction occurs when the flow of blood through the arteries that supply a certain area of the brain is stopped. This may happen for the following reasons:

growth of atherosclerotic plaque;
a detached blood clot that enters the blood vessels of the brain from the heart valves at the time of sudden onset of arrhythmia;
a drop in blood pressure or a decrease in the amount of blood pumped by the heart;
an increase in blood viscosity with the formation of blood clots in the vessels of the brain.

The main cause of hemorrhage in the brain is a sharp jump in blood pressure. Unable to withstand it, the vessels rupture. In rare cases, with constantly high blood pressure, a gradual “squeezing out” of blood occurs through the wall of the vessel into the brain tissue. When enough blood accumulates, neurological symptoms develop.

Thus, the reasons discussed help to understand how to prevent stroke and prevent the development of neurological complications.

For whom is stroke prevention important?

Doctors have compiled a list of conditions (risk group) for which prevention is mandatory:

women over 50, men over 45;
hypertension (high blood pressure);
heart failure;
heart disease with rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias);
high blood pressure (hypertension);
diseases accompanied by the formation of blood clots;
diabetes;
experienced smokers.

A special place among these conditions is occupied by the prevention of stroke in old age. People over 50 years old experience normal age-related changes in blood vessels - a decrease in the elasticity of the vascular wall, which may not withstand a sharp increase in pressure, for example, due to stress or strong emotions.

Stroke Prevention Measures

Since the causes of the development of circulatory disorders in the brain completely coincide with those in acute disorders of the blood supply to the heart muscle, therefore, the prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction can be carried out according to a single scheme.

For the convenience of patients, a “Stroke Prevention Memo” has been compiled. It includes 7 points.

Point 1. Blood pressure - under control

In 99% of cases, hypertension is responsible for the development of cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to keep your blood pressure levels under control. Its normal values are: systolic (“upper”) – no higher than 140 mm Hg. Art., diastolic (“lower”) – not higher than 90 mm Hg. Art.

How to avoid stroke in patients with hypertension? To do this, you must have a personal device for measuring blood pressure. Elderly patients should choose automatic or semi-automatic models, because they do not require special skills when using them. The results must be recorded in a diary: in the morning after waking up, at lunch, in the evening before going to bed, noting the date and the values obtained.

If you notice high blood pressure values for the first time, you should immediately consult a doctor. If a diagnosis of hypertension has already been made, blood pressure monitoring will help evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed medications and change the treatment regimen if necessary.

Point 2. Combating cardiac arrhythmia

Blood clots that form in the cavity of the heart and on its valves in some diseases can enter the general bloodstream and block the lumen of the cerebral vessels. The risk of this increases if there is an abnormal heart rhythm - arrhythmia. Patients at risk must undergo an ECG (electrocardiography) once every six months. If heart rhythm disturbances are detected, take prescribed antiarrhythmic medications to prevent stroke.

Point 3. Bad habits - stop!

Stroke occurs in smokers twice as often as in people without bad habits. This happens because nicotine narrows the cerebral arteries and reduces the elasticity of the vascular wall. Under unfavorable conditions, the vessels may not withstand a sharp rise in blood pressure and rupture.

It has been proven that if you stop smoking, then after 5 years the likelihood of developing a stroke decreases to the average level in patients of this age.

Point 4. No cholesterol

Prevention of ischemic stroke involves preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. All patients who are at risk should have their blood checked for lipid levels at least once every six months.

You need to start lowering your cholesterol levels by changing your eating habits and exercising.

The menu for those who want to prevent the development of a stroke should include: steamed, boiled and stewed meat products, greens, low-fat fermented milk products, lean meat, fish, olive oil.

Physical exercises should be selected taking into account age and existing diseases. The main thing is that physical activity is daily. Walking at a leisurely pace for 30 to 60 minutes each day is appropriate for most patients.

If non-drug methods are insufficient, the doctor should prescribe anti-lipid (anti-cholesterol) drugs to prevent stroke.

Point 5. Attention, diabetes!

Changes in the vascular wall in diabetes mellitus are an important factor in increasing the risk of developing circulatory disorders in the brain. Therefore, it is so important to regularly examine your blood glucose levels: once every six months if there are no complaints, and strictly according to the scheme suggested by the doctor if the diagnosis has already been made.

Point 6. Preventing blood clots

Drugs for the prevention of stroke and heart attack, acting on the ability of blood to clot, help prevent the formation of microthrombi. They are vital for patients who have undergone various types of operations and have venous disease (varicose veins).

Point 7. Don’t waste time

Cerebral infarction, unlike hemorrhage, rarely develops suddenly. Most often, it is possible to identify the precursors of a stroke, which, if recognized in time, can prevent the development of serious neurological disorders.

You should call an ambulance immediately if you experience the following symptoms:

sudden weakness, dizziness;
numbness in the arms, legs, or any side of the face;
difficulty speaking;
sudden visual impairment;
acutely developed severe headache.

For the convenience of the patient and a reminder of the main directions of preventing cerebrovascular accidents, you can print out and hang in prominent places pictures “stroke prevention”.

The power of nature for vascular health

Stroke prevention with folk remedies can be carried out exclusively as an addition to the drugs prescribed by the doctor for this purpose.

Traditional medicine can prevent the development of stroke, mainly by strengthening the vascular wall and cleansing the body of excess cholesterol.

Tincture of Sophora japonica

Sophora japonica will help give blood vessels strength and restore elasticity. Take its dried buds and pour a 70% solution of medical alcohol at the rate of 1 spoon of raw material per 5 spoons of liquid. Infuse for 2-3 days, do not allow storage in the light. Take 20 drops after each meal (3-4 times a day).

Lemon-honey paste

This recipe will help lower cholesterol and cleanse blood vessels. Wash 1 lemon, 1 orange thoroughly with a brush and grind in a meat grinder along with the peel. Drain off excess juice. The mass should be thick. Add 1 tablespoon of natural thick honey into the resulting slurry and mix. The effect can be achieved by taking 1 tsp. pasta after every meal.

Common cress

The herb crease will help strengthen blood vessels and prevent cholesterol from settling on them. Infuse the dried raw materials in boiling water in a glass container for 1 hour. For infusion, take 1 part herb and 20 parts water. Drink half a glass 4 times a day.

Video about stroke prevention:

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After a person has suffered a brain catastrophe, necrotic and atrophic phenomena develop in the tissues of his brain. The goal of treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke is to prevent the development of serious and irreversible brain processes. In addition, adequately selected drug therapy can prevent the recurrence of a brain catastrophe.

What kind of treatment for stroke and medications will depend on the individual characteristics of the person, the severity of the brain damage and the general condition of the patient. The selection of dosages and names of drugs is carried out by the attending neurologist.

The effectiveness of drug therapy

Before you figure out what medications are needed, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the features that accompany cerebrovascular accidents. Regardless of whether a person has suffered a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, his brain faces irreversible changes, which include cerebrovascular accidents, and affect social adaptation and quality of life.

Any combination of medications is formulated for recovery after a stroke, as well as for preventing the recurrence of a brain catastrophe.
Drug therapy prescribed for stroke is aimed at achieving the following goals:

Creation of a local pathological focus that does not tend to spread to healthy brain tissue;
Prevention of the formation of a brain catastrophe;
Functional restoration of the damaged area of brain tissue, with its maximum adaptation to new conditions.

Important! If we talk about the development of the hemorrhagic form, then it is advisable to use drugs used for cerebrovascular accidents only after eliminating the source of hemorrhage.

In the ischemic form of stroke, under the influence of a combination of drugs, the process of functional restoration of damaged brain tissue is accelerated, which significantly affects the speed of a person’s adaptation in social conditions.

What medications are prescribed

Important! There are contraindications, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

The name of stroke supplements and tablets directly depends on the degree and nature of damage to brain tissue, the stage of the brain catastrophe, as well as on the goals pursued by the medical specialist.

Prescription of medications for stroke in the brain area is carried out by medical specialists, neurologists, on an individual basis. During the prescribing process, the doctor takes into account the extent of the spread of necrotic changes. During the rehabilitation period after a brain accident, it is strictly not recommended to resort to self-medication.

Attempts to independently prescribe medications and their dosages can lead to a deterioration in the general condition and recurrence of stroke. The attending physician will tell you which tablets, name and how to take them.

Considering the stage of the brain catastrophe, treatment for stroke in a hospital provides the following drug treatment options:

Beginning of the disease. When the first signs of a brain catastrophe occur, the goal of drug therapy is to prevent further progression of pathological changes in the brain. If a patient experiences an increase in blood pressure, he is prescribed antihypertensive medications. To protect the cells of the nervous system from damage, the patient is recommended to take nootropic and neuroprotective medications. These effective prescribed medications keep cerebral blood flow levels at a stable level, preventing fluctuations and related complications. The duration of use of neuroprotective agents depends on the intensity of disease progression. In addition, in the initial period of the disease, a person is prescribed sedatives and multivitamin complexes, the intake of which will help relieve excessive emotional arousal and eliminate the stress factor in the development of a brain catastrophe;
High period. After a catastrophe occurs in the human brain in the form of an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, the patient’s body is in a critical condition during the first 3 hours. This period is called acute. During this time, the person is recommended to be prescribed medications for a cerebral stroke, the action of which is aimed at restoring normal blood supply to the brain. To improve the rheological properties of blood, patients who have suffered a stroke are prescribed anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. The prescription of a drug such as Actovegin is carried out to reduce the risk of post-stroke paralysis. In addition, in the acute period, painkillers and decongestants are prescribed;
A period of relative stability. After the patient’s general condition has reached stable levels, the person is referred for outpatient treatment. Drug therapy at this stage plays no less a role than in the acute phase of the disease. Many patients are recommended to take maintenance medications for life. Such patients are prescribed antidepressants, sedatives, sleeping pills and antiplatelet agents. In some cases, painkillers and anticonvulsants are prescribed. Of particular value in the treatment of stroke at home and in the hospital is the drug Cerakson, the action of which is aimed at restoring the functional activity of the brain. In addition, muscle relaxants (mydocalm) are used.

Drugs of choice

This list includes the following medications for treatment:

. Effective for various vascular diseases. Improves blood circulation in problem areas.
Gliatilin . The prescription of this medication is carried out during the height of and. This stroke medicine is particularly effective against ischemic damage to the brain stem. This drug is prescribed to patients who are in a coma. Under the influence of the active components of the drug, the risk of the formation of involutional and degenerative changes in the brain is reduced. The mechanism of action of Gliatilin is based on improving cerebral circulation. The duration of treatment with this medication ranges from 3 months to six months. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated;
Cerakson . The active component of the drug Ceraxon is citicoline. The principle of action of the drug Ceraxon is based on the normalization of metabolic processes in the cells of the nervous system. Taking the medication Ceraxon reduces cerebral edema, which prevents the formation of dysfunction of brain structures and cognitive impairment. It is recommended to drink Ceraxon at any stage. Taking into account the reviews of patients who are taking and have taken this drug, we can verify its absolute effectiveness;
. The key advantage of Mexidol for cerebral stroke is the ability to increase the resistance of nervous system tissue to oxygen deficiency. The combination of Mexidol and Actovegin allows you to achieve a favorable environment for the rapid restoration of the functional state of brain structures;
. This drug is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition, Actovegin for stroke has proven itself to be an effective remedy in the prevention and treatment of the consequences of the disease. Prescribing a combination of Cortexin and Actovegin leads to an increase in the protective effect on the brain;
Mydocalm . The drug mydocalm is a muscle relaxant. In neurological practice, mydocalm is used to relieve muscle hypertonicity, which often occurs during a stroke.

Important! Drink Mydocalm taking into account the prescribed dosage. If you take the wrong dosage, serious complications are likely to develop.

Thanks to the joint efforts of scientists, medical specialists and pharmacists, the so-called stroke injection was created. This remedy is a specific enzyme MASP 2. Under the influence of this enzyme, the risk of post-stroke complications is reduced to minimal levels and blood circulation is improved. In addition, the drug has a restorative effect.

This miraculous injection must be performed by a qualified medical professional in a medical facility. The injection should be made in the area of the anterior abdominal wall.

Injection of the MASP 2 enzyme is effective only if it is carried out within the first 3 hours from the onset of a brain catastrophe.

Infusion therapy

Another important stage of rehabilitation is infusion therapy. If we talk about what kind of drips are given for a stroke, then for this purpose, drip administration of drugs such as Actovegin, Piracetam, Pentoxifylline and Vinpocetine is recommended.

Injections of saline are recommended for hemorrhagic stroke. A dropper of saline solution ensures the harmonization of the metabolic functions of the body and the reduction of cerebral edema.

Therapeutic injections after a cerebral stroke are prescribed as part of complex treatment of complications. Another important property of infusion therapy is the improvement of the delivery of many drugs to brain tissue.

Vitamin therapy

Along with the use of antiplatelet agents and neuroprotectors, each patient is prescribed a course of treatment with multivitamin complexes. The action of these drugs is aimed at accelerating the functional adaptation of the brain and maintaining the functioning of its structures.

Patients who have suffered a cerebral catastrophe are prescribed vitamins after a stroke, which include vitamins A, B, C and E. In addition, medical experts note the high value of bee products. Bee bread is considered a particularly valuable product from this series. This valuable beekeeping product is the so-called pressed plant pollen, which has been compacted and filled with honey.

The chemical components of bee bread have a positive effect on the walls of blood vessels, preventing blood clots. People who have suffered a hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebral catastrophe are recommended to take 5 g of fingers per day.

Nutritional supplements

The use of biologically active food supplements and homeopathic remedies is permissible only as part of complex therapy and subject to the consent of a medical specialist. The action of these drugs is aimed at maintaining the general condition of the body and preventing the recurrence of a brain catastrophe.

After preliminary consultation with a neurologist, during the rehabilitation period it is permissible to use the following medications to prevent stroke and its consequences:

Monastery tea. Improves the process of restoration of affected cells in the brain, helps restore speech and hearing functions in the victim, and prevents the occurrence of a hypertensive crisis.
ASD 2 fraction. This biologically active agent is a natural enterosorbent. Its action is aimed at cleansing the body of toxic components and toxins. In addition, under the influence of this sorbent, the components that make up atheromatous plaques and blood clots are rapidly removed. The only drawback of this product is the unpleasant taste and smell;
Dietary supplements from the Tien Shi series. These nutritional supplements help relax the nervous system and restore the body's natural biological reserves;
Biological supplement Papaya Attiva. During clinical studies, it was noted that the active components of the dietary supplement have a beneficial effect on the human body’s defenses. Taking these drugs after a stroke stimulates the body’s fight against the consequences of a brain catastrophe, normalizes metabolism and blood circulation in the brain tissue.
Also, glycine is widely used for stroke, which normalizes the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex.

The listed drugs are prescribed because of their ability to restore metabolism in the medulla.

Preventive actions

During the period of treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke, it is important to provide the necessary conditions to prevent recurrence of this condition. If a person has developed a hemorrhagic form of stroke, then in most cases the cause of this condition is an increase in blood pressure to critical levels. As a preventive measure, patients are prescribed antianginal medications, which are taken under the supervision of a cardiologist and neurologist.

The following drugs are used after a stroke in patients:

Clonidine;
Papaverine;
Dibazol.

Taking medications to prevent stroke and heart attack is carried out according to an individually drawn up treatment plan.

In the event of an ischemic form of cerebral catastrophe, drugs for stroke that affect the rheological properties of blood are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of stroke. These drugs include anticoagulants (Heparin) and antiplatelet agents (Acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin).

When undergoing a course of drug therapy after an ischemic stroke, it is necessary to remember that drugs for the prevention of stroke do not guarantee complete restoration of the functional state of the brain. The goal of this treatment is to prevent relapse and maximize the body’s adaptation to new living conditions.

Stroke can develop in people of any age and leads to disability. Cerebral circulation disorders can be:

Ischemic - the lumen of the arteries narrows, as a result of which the speed and completeness of blood flow is impaired. Areas of the brain stop receiving oxygen and nutrition, which leads to necrosis of nerve cells,
Hemorrhagic - hemorrhage occurs in the subarachnoid space or directly in the brain. Nerve tissues become compressed, swell, intracranial pressure increases, and the brain shifts relative to the midline.

Reference! In 75% of cases, the ischemic form of stroke is diagnosed, hemorrhagic is less common.

How does a stroke develop?

The development of stroke varies depending on the type of pathology. With the ischemic type, blood flow slows down, resulting in a disruption in the functionality of neurons. First of all, electrolyte metabolism is lost, which entails a stop in the conduction of the impulse, thus the most important function of the nerve cell is turned off. The lack of normal blood circulation disrupts internal metabolic processes - the synthesis of ribosomes stops, the waste products of the cell cease to be removed, this leads to cellular “self-poisoning”.

The death of neurons takes 2-5 minutes, and this process is irreversible. In this case, necrosis develops in the tissues, the extent of which depends on the area of lack of blood circulation. It must be said that during an ischemic stroke, not only neurons, but also axons die, and not only in the affected area, but also outside it. The removed cells do not die themselves, but lose their ability to conduct nerve impulses.

With the hemorrhagic type of pathology, brain tissue is mechanically damaged, cell death at the site of vessel rupture certainly occurs, but tissue damage is of greater importance. If hemorrhage occurs from the vessels supplying the lining of the brain, the blood has more space to spread, and even if a small vessel ruptures, a large hematoma can form. If intracerebral hemorrhage occurs, the size of the hematoma will depend on the size of the vessel. With ventricular hemorrhage, it will continue until it completely fills the entire cavity.

Risk factors for strokes

There are many reasons why a stroke can occur, but most often doctors encounter the following:

Arterial hypertension, which increases the risk of developing pathology by almost 50%.
Low physical activity – a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of stroke by 35%.
The presence of elevated levels of “bad” cholesterol is why doctors recommend regularly donating blood for cholesterol. This factor increases the risk of stroke by 25%.
Poor nutrition. Lack of a healthy and balanced diet increases the risk of stroke by 23%.
Excess weight increases stress on the heart and also increases blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Obese people have an 18% greater risk of stroke than people of normal weight.
Smoking. We can talk about the negative consequences of smoking for a long time, it is considered the leading preventable cause of death, as for stroke, active and passive smoking increases the risk of its development by 12%. 4 years after giving up this bad habit, the risk of developing vascular problems is reduced to the level of non-smokers.
Cardiovascular pathologies increase the likelihood of stroke by 9%.
Alcohol abuse. In this case, the risk of brain stroke increases by 6%.
Stress increases risk by 6%.
Diabetes. High sugar levels damage the walls of blood vessels and promote the formation of blood clots in them, as a result of which the likelihood of a stroke increases by 4%.

These are not all the reasons that provoke cerebrovascular accidents, but only risk factors that can give impetus to it.

Why are fats deposited in blood vessels?

Cholesterol plaques in blood vessels can appear for the following reasons:

unhealthy diet – the diet is dominated by fatty animal foods;
a sedentary lifestyle, since in this case the circulatory system works worse;
Smoking causes blood vessels to narrow, which means cholesterol sticks to their walls faster;
high blood pressure, provided that the person does not correct it;
diabetes.

There is also a hereditary predisposition to fat deposition on the walls of blood vessels, but it is not common.

Features of stroke prevention in men and women

Stroke prevention can be primary - it is aimed at preventing a brain stroke in principle. This is minimizing the provoking factors listed above. Provided that it is constant and comprehensive, it is quite possible to count on the desired effect.

Secondary prevention is the prevention of a recurrent stroke; in this case, it is necessary not only to eliminate negative factors, but also to take medications that will have a positive effect on the condition of the blood vessels, and it is also imperative to treat concomitant diseases.

Main directions of stroke prevention

Since people with a history of hypertension are at risk, one of the preventive measures is regular monitoring of blood pressure.

In addition, it is necessary to carry out prevention:

thrombosis;
cardiovascular pathologies;
migraine.

You should definitely get rid of bad habits, improve your diet, and also undergo regular preventive examinations with a therapist.

Important! Every year, even if you do not feel unwell, a person must take tests and be examined by a local doctor. After 50 years, this should be done twice a year.

Drugs to prevent stroke

Any of the medications listed below can only be prescribed by a doctor; taking medications on your own can lead to an undesirable and dangerous effect.

Most often, the following groups of drugs are prescribed for the prevention of stroke:

Nootropic drugs. They improve the functioning of the central nervous system and increase the resistance of blood vessels to various negative influences. Prescribed: Aminalon, Gliatilin, Pantonam, Ginko Biloba, Nootropil, Glycine, Phenotropil, Pyritinol. Nootropic drugs for the purpose of preventing stroke are taken for a month, 1-2 tablets.
Beta-adrenergic blockers. They are used in combination with other drugs. The recommended dose is 1-2 tablets per day after meals. Prescribed: Atenolol, Metoprolol.
Calcium antagonists. The effect of these drugs is short, but they normalize heart rate and lower blood pressure. Prescribed: Verapamil, Nifedipine.
Antiplatelet drugs. To prevent blood clots, drugs of the aspirin group are prescribed: Cardiomagnyl, Aspecard.
Sedatives. Prescribed: Persen, Fitosed, Novo-passit, valerian extract.

Secondary prevention of stroke

To prevent a recurrent stroke, you must:

to refuse from bad habits;
treat the disease that led to the stroke - conservatively or surgically;
follow a low-cholesterol diet;
get rid of extra pounds;
gradually increase physical activity;
undergo regular medical examination.

As for medications, the doctor will recommend suitable antihypertensive drugs for hypertensive patients, antiplatelet agents for patients prone to thrombosis, and diuretics to remove excess sodium from the body.

Prevention of stroke with folk remedies

In order to prevent stroke, traditional medicine offers a lot of recipes that will help cleanse blood vessels, increase their strength and improve blood circulation. To clean the vessels, you can use nettle infusion - you will need 2 tablespoons of the plant per liter of water. Boil for 10 minutes, leave overnight under a warm blanket. Drink three glasses a day.

A honey lemon-garlic mixture will help prevent the formation of cholesterol plaques. Honey, chopped garlic and lemon should be mixed in equal proportions. Store the product in the refrigerator and take a teaspoon once a day.

To improve blood circulation, it is recommended to add fresh ginger root to tea or other drinks. To strengthen blood vessels, colza is recommended. Pour boiling water over dry grass at a rate of 1:20. Infuse and drink half a glass 4 times a day. It is important to understand that traditional medicine does not replace consultation with a specialist and the use of traditional means of prevention.

Nutrition

To prevent a stroke, it is necessary to reduce, or better yet completely eliminate, the following foods from the diet:

baked goods and muffins, as they contain a lot of fat;
sauces, ketchups, semi-finished products - contain preservatives and a lot of salt, which leads to increased blood pressure;
sweets – large amounts of fat and sugar;
salted, smoked and canned foods – large amounts of salt;
alcohol has a negative effect on vascular health.

The diet should be enriched with antioxidants, potassium and magnesium, so the following are recommended:

bananas, prunes are sources of potassium;
vegetables and fruits – contain vitamins and antioxidants;
spinach and beans - magnesium and trace elements.

To remove excess cholesterol from the body, it is recommended:

almond;
olive oil;
cereals;
whole grains;
beans.

Timely treatment of pathologies that can provoke a stroke, a healthy and active lifestyle, proper nutrition, minimizing stressful conditions.

Is it possible to recover after a stroke?

It all depends on the extent of the lesion, the type of stroke, its cause, and the age of the patient. In principle, with competent and timely therapy and rehabilitation, the patient can return to normal life, but the degree and duration of disability will depend on many nuances.

What stroke prevention methods are most effective?

Primary prevention requires a healthy lifestyle, giving up bad habits, proper nutrition and the fight against excess weight. As for secondary prevention, this issue should be discussed with your doctor, since the causes of stroke can be different, therefore, preventive measures may vary.

Exercises that are aimed at improving cerebral circulation are best suited for this purpose. It is recommended to pay attention to yoga, Pilates and other calm and leisurely techniques.

Prevention of stroke in old age. What to do, what medications to take?

In old age, people often have various chronic illnesses, including hypertension. To prevent a brain stroke, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe medications on an individual basis and taking into account all existing pathologies that can trigger a stroke.

Prevention of cerebral stroke in men and women. What are the differences?

In women, stroke is often associated with age-related hormonal changes. Therefore, in the premenopausal period, you should be more attentive to your health. But in principle, there are no specific differences in the prevention of stroke in women and men.

How can you avoid having another stroke?

After suffering a stroke, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all medical recommendations, as well as find out the cause of the stroke and eliminate it.

What are the best remedies for stroke prevention?

For young people who do not have serious illnesses, a healthy lifestyle and periodic use of traditional medicine (after consultation with a doctor) are best. For people in the older age group, the main preventative measure is the treatment of ailments that can lead to a stroke and regular examination by a doctor (2 times a year).

Stroke prevention should be considered before retirement age. The sooner preventive measures are applied, the stronger the protection will be. All provoking factors should be excluded. This will help significantly reduce the risk of sudden hemorrhage.

The fundamental concept of stroke prevention, which is followed by doctors at the Yusupov Hospital, is the continuity of measures aimed at leveling the risk factors for acute cerebral circulatory disorders. In order to find out, neurologists and cardiologists constantly monitor patients, conduct examinations using modern diagnostic methods, and draw up individual treatment regimens for diseases that could potentially cause a stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke in most cases develops against the background of arterial hypertension. This is a condition in which the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Art. and higher in individuals not receiving antihypertensive therapy. Arterial hypertension is detected in 30-45% of people. These rates increase sharply as you age. There is a close direct relationship between the prevalence of arterial hypertension and mortality from stroke.

In young, middle-aged and elderly people, antihypertensive drugs are also drugs for the prevention of stroke. Even a moderate decrease in systolic blood pressure by 10-12 mmHg, and diastolic by 5-6 mmHg. Art. leads to a reduction in the risk of stroke by 30-40%.

Blood pressure control is of particular importance in patients with diabetes. Intensive antihypertensive therapy for diabetes can further reduce the risk of stroke. Regular blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle changes and drug therapy are used by doctors at the Yusupov Hospital to reduce the risk of a first stroke. Cardiologists prescribe antihypertensive drugs to prevent stroke and reduce systolic blood pressure below 140 mm Hg. Art. and diastolic below 90 mm Hg. Art. For patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the target blood pressure values are

For elderly and senile patients suffering from arterial hypertension, drug therapy for stroke prevention is prescribed when systolic blood pressure is above 160 mmHg. Art. It is reduced to 140-150 mm Hg. Art. When a patient receiving antihypertensive therapy reaches 80 years of age, doctors continue treatment with antihypertensive drugs if tolerated.

To prevent stroke, doctors at the Yusupov Hospital use antithrombotic and lipid-lowering therapy. Antiplatelet drugs, in particular low doses of acetylsalicylic acid, should also be prescribed to patients with controlled arterial hypertension who have previously suffered cardiovascular events. A combination of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs is effective. Statins are prescribed to prevent stroke. During therapy with atorvastatin, the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke is significantly reduced.

Medicines to prevent recurrent strokes

What is the best drug to take to prevent another stroke? Each patient who has suffered a stroke and is observed at the Yusupov Hospital receives drug therapy with certain classes of drugs. Regardless of the level of blood pressure and the type of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), doctors prescribe antihypertensive drugs to all patients to prevent recurrent acute cerebrovascular accident.

In case of severe arterial hypertension, basic antihypertensive therapy is carried out from the first day of the disease, and in case of persistently high blood pressure - at the end of the acute period, starting from 2-4 weeks of the disease. The drugs of choice for stroke prevention in this case are:

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics;
calcium antagonists;
combinations of a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor;
angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists.

Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital also prescribe drugs for the prevention of stroke to patients who have suffered acute cerebrovascular accident. Thanks to antihypertensive therapy, the relative risk of recurrent stroke is reduced by 19%, and the absolute risk reduction is 25%. Optimal from the point of view of secondary prevention of stroke is the use of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in the treatment regimen, including in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

To prevent recurrent cerebral ischemia, all patients, regardless of cholesterol level, are prescribed statins. Therapy is prescribed from the first days of the disease and continues for a long time. In case of ischemic stroke, regardless of the mechanism of its development, from the first day patients are prescribed a platelet aggregator - acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 75-150 milligrams per day or clopridogrel 75 mg/day. In patients at high risk of developing a recurrent stroke, doctors at the Yusupov Hospital prefer clopridogrel.

Patients who have suffered a cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation, acute myocardium, the presence of blood clots in the left chambers of the heart and prosthetic valves are prescribed indirect oral anticoagulants. They begin to be used starting from the third week of stroke development. For stroke of unknown origin, which is associated with the presence of a foramen ovale, platelet antiplatelet agents are also prescribed for prophylactic purposes.

In order for stroke prevention to be as effective as possible, patients at the Yusupov Hospital undergo ultrasound examination of arteries located outside the cranium:

Doppler ultrasound;
duplex scanning.

If severe stenosis of the carotid arteries is detected, patients undergo surgical correction as early as possible in partner clinics to restore vessel patency, and if atherosclerotic plaques are detected, minimally invasive endarterectomy is performed.

Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital take an individual approach to prescribing drug therapy for each patient. Drugs and their doses are selected after a full examination using modern devices from the best companies in Europe and the USA. Get advice on stroke prevention by making an appointment by phone.

Bibliography

ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)
Yusupov Hospital
Clinical neurology with the basics of medical and social expertise. St. Petersburg: Medline-Media LLC, 2006.
Shirokov, E. A. Stroke, heart attack, sudden death. Theory of vascular accidents / E.A. Shirokov. - M.: Quorum, 2010. - 244 p.
Vilensky, B.S. Stroke: prevention, diagnosis and treatment / B.S. Vilensky. - Moscow: Higher School, 1999. - 336 p.

Prices for stroke treatment

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not a public offer, defined by the provisions of Art. 437 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For accurate information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic. The list of paid services provided is indicated in the price list of the Yusupov Hospital.

Stroke is one of the most dangerous diseases of the cardiovascular system. Although the disease is often fatal, in most cases it can be prevented. Treatment and prevention of stroke is carried out all over the world thanks to modern medications and folk remedies.

Today you will learn what medications exist to prevent stroke and in what cases they can be used.

By its nature, the disease is an acute disorder of cerebral blood flow, which can occur for several reasons. The disease is associated, first of all, with blockage of blood vessels and a disorder of cardiac function, which creates the preconditions for a fatal failure in the body, which often occurs during a sudden hypertensive crisis.

Causes of high blood pressure

A sharp jump in pressure can provoke a spasm of the vessel and its rupture. If this happens in the brain, the consequences can be very dire: the lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of neurons.

People with hypertension are at greatest risk of stroke, but a sudden increase in blood pressure can trigger the disease in anyone. Doctors identify several factors that contribute to an abnormal increase in blood pressure:

Any stressful situation.
Lack of normal sleep.
Increased fatigue.
Smoking large amounts of tobacco.
Alcohol abuse.
Acute lack of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
Low physical activity of a person.
Too much excess weight.
Excessive physical activity.

Preventing stroke with medications

Pharmaceutical companies produce a variety of drugs to prevent stroke. Each of them has a specific effect and is prescribed individually.

There are several main groups of drugs that are used both in the treatment of high blood pressure and to protect nerve cells:

nootropic drugs;
blockers;
inhibitors;
diuretics;
centrally acting drugs;
antiplatelet drugs;
sedatives.

Nootropic drugs

This group of drugs strengthens neurons and increases their resistance to adverse factors. These medications enhance the synthesis of ATP and proteins in brain cells, and also stabilize the structure of membranes, which leads to improved nerve conduction.

Doctors prohibit the use of all nootropics during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and many other restrictions are imposed individually in each individual case.

1. Neuroamino acid derivatives

These medications restore the activity of metabolic processes in brain cells, increase the resistance of neurons to oxygen starvation and promote the effective removal of toxins. After taking the drugs, patients experience improved memory and attention, and a decrease in blood sugar concentrations.

A pronounced hypotensive effect occurs due to a decrease in heart rate. All drugs in this subgroup (Aminalon, Pantogam, Phenibut, Glycine, etc.) enhance the effect of sleeping pills, so complex use should be carried out very carefully.

2. Pyrrolidone derivatives

Drugs in this subgroup strengthen the structure of nerve cells and promote blood flow to the brain. They are often prescribed to improve mental performance (thinking, memory, attention), but side effects include nervousness, irritability and insomnia, so taking them in the evening is contraindicated.

3. Pyritinol

This drug stabilizes neuronal membranes by removing toxic free radicals from cells. As a result, metabolic processes are normalized, nerve conduction is enhanced, and resistance to oxygen deficiency is acquired. The medication improves the quality of blood, which leads to improved blood flow in the brain.

However, the drug causes irritability and sleep disturbance, so it is advisable to take Pyritinol in the first half of the day.

4. Gliatilin

The medication helps improve cerebral blood flow and stimulates metabolism in the cells of the nervous system. In addition to the pronounced preventive effect, patients also experience an increase in mood, a desire for vigorous activity, and an increase in the level of concentration and attention.

5. Ginkgo Biloba Extract

The nootropic group of drugs also includes Ginkgo Biloba plant extract. The natural product significantly increases cerebral blood circulation, which promotes more active transport of oxygen and nutrients. The medication stabilizes the condition of the membranes not only of neurons, but also of all cells of the body, improving metabolic processes in them and the number of free radicals.

Blockers

Stroke prevention medications include a class of drugs that focus on blocking certain receptors in the body, which helps improve blood flow to the brain and lower blood pressure. The use of medications in combination with other drugs gives a better effect than single use.

1. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Angiotensin is a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and increase blood pressure. With the help of medications (Losartan, Valtarsan, etc.), receptors sensitive to this biologically active substance are blocked, as a result of which its effect on the body is reduced, as is the risk of stroke.

In addition, drugs of this subgroup are easily tolerated by humans, and there are practically no side effects. However, it is prohibited to take angiotensin blockers in case of severe renal and liver failure.

2. β-blockers

Located throughout the body, β-adrenergic receptors exert their action in the event of excitement and the release of adrenaline into the blood. However, pharmacists have been able to synthesize drugs (Atenolol, Metoprolol, etc.) that successfully block the receptors, preventing them from binding to the hormone. As a result, the pressure decreases and the heart rate slows down significantly.

Medicines are also prescribed after myocardial infarction and with increased thyroid function. However, β-blockers are prohibited from taking for bronchial asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease.

3. α1-blockers

Norepinephrine, which binds to α 1 receptors located in the arterioles, also has an stimulating effect on the body. The resulting spasm of blood vessels increases pressure and reduces blood flow. Blockers of this group of receptors (Prazosin, Doxazosin) prevent stroke and normalize the body’s condition in a short period of time.

In addition, atherosclerosis, bronchial diseases and impaired renal function are not contraindications, which significantly expands the scope of use of medications.

4. Calcium channel blockers

Calcium is the main ion involved in muscle contraction. Blocking calcium channels causes the heart to slow down and the arteries to dilate, which inevitably leads to a decrease in blood pressure.

Depending on the clinical picture of the patient’s condition, the doctor may prescribe both short-acting blockers (Nifedipine, Verapamil) and long-acting ones (Amplodipine, Adalat). However, drugs in this group are contraindicated for various cardiac disorders: arrhythmia, acute heart failure, etc.

Inhibitors

In addition to blocking angiotensin-sensitive receptors, it is possible to reduce the amount of the enzyme with medication.
responsible for the activation of this hormone. Taking medications (Captopril, Enap, etc.) helps to dilate blood vessels, reduce cardiac activity, and also activate additional mechanisms that improve blood supply to the brain.

Clinical studies show the high effectiveness of drugs in this group - taking medications reduces the likelihood of developing a stroke by almost a third.

Diuretics

High blood pressure is often accompanied by the accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the body, which diuretics help remove. These drugs are used primarily for arterial hypertension, and they are prescribed very carefully and only in cases where the patient has enough sodium in the body.

There are 3 main categories of medications, differing in strength:

Powerful diuretics (Torasemide, Diuver, Furosemide) The maximum effect is observed during the first two hours. They are also called “ceiling” diuretics due to the active removal of fluid, potassium and sodium from the body for almost 18 hours. They are prescribed for a short period of time and only for very severe forms of hypertension.
Medium strength diuretics (Dichlorothiazide, Arifon) last up to 12 hours and do not cause strong changes in the acid-base balance. However, these medications contribute to the active removal of potassium and magnesium from the body, and also lead to an increase in blood sugar levels. Thiazide diuretics, as they are also called, are prescribed either separately or in combination.
Potassium-sparing diuretics (Spironolactone, Amiloride) They act slowly, but for a long time - up to several days. They are prescribed in combination with medications that provoke the removal of potassium from the body.

Centrally acting drugs

The most dangerous among all groups of medications are centrally acting drugs that affect special receptors in the brain. They should only be used under medical supervision and with extreme caution.

Although drugs in this group are not among the main medications for the prevention of stroke, sometimes nothing else helps to reduce high blood pressure. The most prominent representatives of this category include:

Clonidine effectively reduces blood pressure during a hypertensive crisis, but frequent use is addictive;
Labetalol copes well with the most common cause of stroke - the morning peak of blood pressure;
Methyldopa helps reduce blood pressure, but long-term use can disrupt the synthesis of leukocytes and platelets;
Albarel acts gently, lowering the pressure gradually. Usually used in combination with other medications.

Antiplatelet drugs

One of the main causes of acute disruption of cerebral blood flow is blockage of blood vessels, which occurs as a result of both the formation of blood clots and too viscous blood consistency. Medicines for the prevention of stroke include drugs that inhibit the adhesion of red blood cells and platelets, as well as their adhesion to the walls of blood vessels (Cardiomagnyl, Aspecard).

Doctors also note a slowdown in the development of atherosclerosis with complex therapy with Atorvastatin, Atoris and similar drugs. Typically, these medications are prescribed for life, which significantly reduces the likelihood of stroke in patients predisposed to it.

Sedatives

A stressful situation can provoke an increase in blood pressure to a high level, so if the body is too excited, you should try to calm down immediately. To do this, it is not necessary to use medications - getting rid of the irritating element and self-control in most cases will give a positive effect.

However, it is not always possible to immediately pull yourself together, in which case you have to resort to such well-proven sedatives as Valerian, Fitosed, Persen and many others.

Each person should take care of his own health, in which he will be helped by a large number of synthetic medications, including drugs for the prevention of stroke. However, to prevent acute disruption of cerebral blood flow, you will also have to change your lifestyle, getting rid of bad habits and excess weight.